Innovation & R&D

Research & development expenditure, patent applications, high-tech exports, and scientific publications.

R&D Spending (2020)

0.65%

% of GDP

Patent Apps (2021)

26.3K

Resident applications

High-Tech Exports (2024)

18.6%

% of manufactured exports

Research & Development Expenditure

R&D spending as % of GDP · World Bank

Source: World Bank

Patent Applications (Residents)

Number of patent applications filed by residents · World Bank

Source: World Bank

High-Technology Exports

As % of total manufactured exports · World Bank

Source: World Bank